Zookeeper 命令介绍

发布日期: 2020-02-05

1. 创建节点 create

功能：创建普通节点，如果创建节点中的内容中有空格需要用双引号包起来。
命令格式：create [-s] [-e] [-c] [-t ttl] path [data] [acl]
- -s：创建带编号的节点
- -e：创建临时节点
- t ttl：生存时间
- data：节点的值
- acl：权限控制

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] create /app1 app1
Created /app1
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] ls -s /
[app1, zookeeper]cZxid = 0x0
ctime = Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 GMT+08:00 1970
mZxid = 0x0
mtime = Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 GMT+08:00 1970
pZxid = 0x7 # 更新子节点zxid
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 0
numChildren = 2 #子节点数量更新为2
#创建带编号的节点
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] create -s /app2 app2
Created /app20000000001
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] ls /
[app1, app20000000001, zookeeper]

#创建临时节点
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] create -e /app3 app3
Created /app3
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5] ls /
[app1, app20000000001, app3, zookeeper]
#退出后重新查看
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls /
[app1, app20000000001, zookeeper]
#创建临时带编码节点
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] create -e -s /app4 app4
Created /app40000000004
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] ls /
[app1, app20000000001, app40000000004, zookeeper]
#退出后重新查看
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls /
[app1, app20000000001, zookeeper]

编号节点创建说明：

顺序编号会紧跟在节点后面，节点最终名称为：节点名+序号，如app20000000001
顺序编号是一个递增的计数器
顺序编号是由父节点维护，从已有子节点个数开始的，被删除的节点依然算在内
如果子节点为空，则从0000000000开始，一次递增1
在分布式系统中，顺序编号可以被用于为所有的时间进行全局排序，这样客户端就可以根据序号推断事件的顺序。

2. 查看节点及相关信息

2.1 ls

功能：查看指定路径下的内容
命令格式： ls [-s] [-w] [-R] path
- -s：查看节点详细信息
- -w ：监视该节点
- -R：递归查看

# 查看根节点下的文件
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] ls /
[zookeeper]

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] ls -w /
[zookeeper]
#递归查看根节点下面的目录与文件
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] ls -R /
/
/zookeeper
/zookeeper/config
/zookeeper/quota
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5]

#查看根节点的详细信息
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] ls -s /
# 节点的状态信息，也称为stat结构体
[zookeeper]
cZxid          = 0x0 # 表示创建该节点（ZNode）的事务的zxid，c=create
ctime          = Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 GMT+08:00 1970 #
mZxid          = 0x0
mtime          = Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 GMT+08:00 1970
pZxid          = 0x0
cversion       = -1
dataVersion    = 0
aclVersion     = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength     = 0
numChildren    = 1

名称	说明	value示例
cZxid	表示创建该节点（ZNode）的事务的zxid，值越小，越先执行，c=create0x0十六进制的数字0	0x0
ctime	创建该节点的时间	Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 GMT+08:00 1970
mZxid	最后一次更新事务的zxid，m=modify	0x0
mtime	最后一次更新的时间	Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 GMT+08:00 1970
pZxid	最后更新的子节点的zxid	0x0
cversion	子节点的变化号，表示子节点被修改的次数，-1表示从未被修改过	-1
dataVersion	当前节点的变化号，0表示当前节点从未被修改过	0
aclVersion	访问控制列表，access control list	0
ephemeralOwner	如果是临时节点，表示当前节点的拥有者的sessionid，如果不是临时节点则值为0	0x0
dataLength	当前节点中所存储的数据长度	0
numChildren	子节点数量	1

为了保证事务的顺序一致性，Zookeeper才用了递增的事务ID（zxid）来标识事务。所有提议（proposal）都在提出时候加上了zxid。zxid是一个64位的数字，它的高32位是epoch用来标识leader关系是否改变，每次leader被选出来，它都会有一个新的epoch，标识当前属于哪个leader的管理时期，低32位用于递增计数。

2.2 ls2

功能：查看节点详细信息，推荐使用 ls -s 替换
命令格式：ls2 path [watch]
watch：对节点中的内容进行监视

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 6] ls2 /zookeeper
'ls2' has been deprecated. Please use 'ls [-s] path' instead.
[config, quota]
cZxid = 0x0
ctime = Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 GMT+08:00 1970
mZxid = 0x0
mtime = Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 GMT+08:00 1970
pZxid = 0x0
cversion = -2
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 0
numChildren = 2

2.3 stat

功能：查看节点状态
命令格式：stat [-w] path
- -w ：监视该节点

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 7] stat /
cZxid = 0x0
ctime = Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 GMT+08:00 1970
mZxid = 0x0
mtime = Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 GMT+08:00 1970
pZxid = 0x24
cversion = 11
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 0
numChildren = 3

2.4 get

功能：查看节点值
命令格式：get [-s] [-w] path
- -s ：查看详细状态
- -w ：监视该节点

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 71] get /zookeeper
zookeeper
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 72] get -s /zookeeper
zookeeper
cZxid = 0x0
ctime = Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970
mZxid = 0x40000005f
mtime = Thu Feb 06 01:08:31 CST 2020
pZxid = 0x0
cversion = -2
dataVersion = 1
aclVersion = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 9
numChildren = 2
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 73]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 73] get -w /zookeeper
zookeeper
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 74] set /zookeeper zookeeper2

WATCHER::

WatchedEvent state:SyncConnected type:NodeDataChanged path:/zookeeper

3. 修改节点信息 set

命令格式：set [-s] [-v version] path data

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 7] get /zookeeper
zookeeper3
#修改节点值
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 8] set /zookeeper 111
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 9] get /zookeeper
111
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 10]

4. 删除节点相关命令

4.1 delete

功能：删除节点，注意要删除的节点必须为空节点，即不能有子节点
命令格式：delete [-v version] path
-v：删除的版本

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5] ls /
[app1, app20000000001, app5, app6, zookeeper]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 6] delete /app20000000001
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 7]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 7] ls /
[app1, app5, app6, zookeeper]

4.2 deleteall

功能：删除节点，会递归删除节点及其子节点
命令格式：deleteall path

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] ls /
[app1, app5, app6, zookeeper]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] create /app6/6-1
Created /app6/6-1
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] create /app6/6-2
Created /app6/6-2
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] delete /app6
Node not empty: /app6
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5] deleteall /app6
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 6] ls /
[app1, app5, zookeeper]

4.3 rmr

功能：递归删除节点，zookeeper 3.5.6版本中已经使用 deleteall 替换掉 rmr 命令
命令格式：rmr path
废除：zookeeper 3.5.6版本中已经使用 deleteall 替换掉 rmr 命令

1 2	[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 13] rmr /app5 The command 'rmr' has been deprecated. Please use 'deleteall' instead.

5. 权限相关的

5.1 getAcl

功能：读取 ACL 权限
命令格式：getAcl [-s] path

# 查看权限
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] getAcl /app1
'world,'anyone #默认为world方案
: cdrwa #任何人都拥有所有权限
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4]

5.2 setAcl

功能：设置 ACL 权限
命令格式：setAcl [-s] [-v version] [-R] path acl

1 2	#设置权限 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] setAcl /app1 world:anyone:cdrwa

5.3 addauth

功能：添加认证用户
命令格式： addauth scheme auth

1	[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] addauth digest hn:123

5.4 setquota

功能：设置子节点个数和数据长度配额
命令格式：setquota -n|-b val path
-n：子节点个数
-b：节点数据长度

ZooKeeper具有与其数据模型相关的可配置配额（quota）。可以设置znode上的配额限制和存储的数据量。如果ZooKeeper命名空间中的一个子树超出与其关联的配额，ZooKeeper会在日志中打印警告消息。但是，如果超出指定的配额，操作并不会取消。

# 设置配额
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 10] setquota -n 2 /app1
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 11]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 11] create /app1/a
Created /app1/a
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 12] create /app1/b
Created /app1/b
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 13] create /app1/c
Created /app1/c
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 14] ls /app1
[a, b, c]

# 日志中打印的警告信息

2020-02-06 20:47:18,273 [myid:150] - WARN  [CommitProcWorkThread-1:DataTree@340] - Quota exceeded: /app1 count=3 limit=2
2020-02-06 20:47:20,242 [myid:150] - WARN  [CommitProcWorkThread-1:DataTree@340] - Quota exceeded: /app1 count=4 limit=2
2020-02-06 20:47:57,606 [myid:150] - WARN  [CommitProcWorkThread-1:DataTree@340] - Quota exceeded: /app1 count=5 limit=2
2020-02-06 20:47:59,720 [myid:150] - WARN  [CommitProcWorkThread-1:DataTree@340] - Quota exceeded: /app1 count=6 limit=2

5.5 listquota

功能：显示配额。
命令格式：listquota path

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 15] listquota /app1
absolute path is /zookeeper/quota/app1/zookeeper_limits
Output quota for /app1 count=2,bytes=-1 #节点个数限额为2，长度无限额
Output stat for /app1 count=4,bytes=4

5.6 delquota

功能：删除配额
命令格式：delquota [-n|-b] path
-n：子节点个数
-b：节点数据长度

# 删除配额
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 20] delquota /app1 -n 1
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 21]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 21] listquota /app1
absolute path is /zookeeper/quota/app1/zookeeper_limits
Output quota for /app1 count=-1,bytes=-1
Output stat for /app1 count=6,bytes=4

6. 其他命令

6.1 close

功能：断开客户端与服务端的连接。

# 创建临时节点
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 19] create -e /app1 ap1
Created /app1
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 20]
#查看根节点下面的节点信息
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 20] ls /
[app1, rmiservers, zookeeper]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 21]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 21]
#关闭连接
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 21] close

WATCHER::

WatchedEvent state:Closed type:None path:null
2020-02-06 01:34:12,279 [myid:] - INFO  [main:ZooKeeper@1422] - Session: 0x9600014571250011 closed
[zk: localhost:2181(CLOSED) 22] 2020-02-06 01:34:12,279 [myid:] - INFO  [main-EventThread:ClientCnxn$EventThread@524] - EventThread shut down for session: 0x9600014571250011

#在另一个客户端查看根节点下的子节点，刚刚创建的app1已经删除

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 23] ls /
[rmiservers, zookeeper]

6.2 connect

功能：连接zk服务端，与close命令配合使用可以连接或者断开zk服务端。
命令格式：connect host:port

#关闭连接
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 25] close

WATCHER::

WatchedEvent state:Closed type:None path:null
2020-02-06 01:37:27,112 [myid:] - INFO  [main:ZooKeeper@1422] - Session: 0x9600014571250013 closed
[zk: localhost:2181(CLOSED) 26] 2020-02-06 01:37:27,112 [myid:] - INFO  [main-EventThread:ClientCnxn$EventThread@524] - EventThread shut down for session: 0x9600014571250013
#查看根节点信息
[zk: localhost:2181(CLOSED) 26] ls /
Not connected #未连接
# 使用connect命令进行连接
[zk: localhost:2181(CLOSED) 27] connect
2020-02-06 01:37:32,472 [myid:] - INFO  [main:ZooKeeper@868] - Initiating client connection, connectString=localhost:2181 sessionTimeout=30000 watcher=org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeperMain$MyWatcher@4c203ea1
2020-02-06 01:37:32,473 [myid:] - INFO  [main:ClientCnxnSocket@237] - jute.maxbuffer value is 4194304 Bytes
2020-02-06 01:37:32,473 [myid:] - INFO  [main:ClientCnxn@1653] - zookeeper.request.timeout value is 0. feature enabled=
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTING) 28] 2020-02-06 01:37:32,475 [myid:localhost:2181] - INFO  [main-SendThread(localhost:2181):ClientCnxn$SendThread@1112] - Opening socket connection to server localhost/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:2181. Will not attempt to authenticate using SASL (unknown error)
2020-02-06 01:37:32,477 [myid:localhost:2181] - INFO  [main-SendThread(localhost:2181):ClientCnxn$SendThread@959] - Socket connection established, initiating session, client: /0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:50345, server: localhost/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:2181
2020-02-06 01:37:32,481 [myid:localhost:2181] - INFO  [main-SendThread(localhost:2181):ClientCnxn$SendThread@1394] - Session establishment complete on server localhost/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:2181, sessionid = 0x9600014571250014, negotiated timeout = 30000

WATCHER::

WatchedEvent state:SyncConnected type:None path:null
#查看根节点信息，已经连接上了
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 28] ls /
[rmiservers, zookeeper]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 29]

6.3 printwatches

功能：设置和显示监视状态，on或者off。
命令格式：printwatches on|off

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 64] get -w /rmiservers
111
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 65] set  /rmiservers 222

WATCHER::

WatchedEvent state:SyncConnected type:NodeDataChanged path:/rmiservers
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 66]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 66]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 66] printwatches off
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 67]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 67] get -w /rmiservers
222
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 68]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 68] set  /rmiservers 333

6.4 sync

功能：强制同步,由于请求在半数以上的zk server上生效就表示此请求生效，那么就会有一些zk server上的数据是旧的。sync命令就是强制同步所有的更新操作。
命令格式：sync path

1
2
3

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] sync /zookeeper
Sync is OK
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4]

6.5 history

功能：查看执行命令的历史记录
命令格式：history

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 14] history
4 - delete /app6
5 - deleteall /app6
6 - ls /
7 - stat /
8 - stat -w /
9 - ls /
10 - create /app5/5-1
11 - create /app5/5-2
12 - ls /app5
13 - rmr /app5
14 - history

6.6 redo

功能：再次执行某命令,需与history配合使用
命令格式：redo cmdno

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] history
0 - ls /
1 - listquota /rmiservers
2 - sync /zookeeper
3 - history
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5] redo 0
[rmiservers, zookeeper]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 6]

6.7 help

功能：查看帮助，查看所有操作命令

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] help
ZooKeeper -server host:port cmd args
	addauth scheme auth
	close
	config [-c] [-w] [-s]
	connect host:port
	create [-s] [-e] [-c] [-t ttl] path [data] [acl]
	delete [-v version] path
	deleteall path
	delquota [-n|-b] path
	get [-s] [-w] path
	getAcl [-s] path
	history
	listquota path
	ls [-s] [-w] [-R] path
	ls2 path [watch]
	printwatches on|off
	quit
	reconfig [-s] [-v version] [[-file path] | [-members serverID=host:port1:port2;port3[,...]*]] | [-add serverId=host:port1:port2;port3[,...]]* [-remove serverId[,...]*]
	redo cmdno
	removewatches path [-c|-d|-a] [-l]
	rmr path
	set [-s] [-v version] path data
	setAcl [-s] [-v version] [-R] path acl
	setquota -n|-b val path
	stat [-w] path
	sync path
Command not found: Command not found help

6.8 quit

功能：退出
命令格式：quit

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 78] quit

WATCHER::

WatchedEvent state:Closed type:None path:null
2020-02-06 01:13:03,959 [myid:] - INFO  [main:ZooKeeper@1422] - Session: 0x9600014571250002 closed
2020-02-06 01:13:03,961 [myid:] - INFO  [main-EventThread:ClientCnxn$EventThread@524] - EventThread shut down for session: 0x9600014571250002
[root@node1 ~]#

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